Vaccinations are a cornerstone of preventive healthcare for pets. They shield your furry companion from a host of potentially life-threatening diseases. While many pet owners understand the importance of vaccinations, there's often confusion about which vaccines are necessary and when they should be administered. 

Core Vaccinations for Dogs and Cats

Core vaccinations are those considered essential for all pets, regardless of their lifestyle or geographic location. These vaccines protect against common, highly contagious diseases that can cause severe illness or death.

• Rabies: A viral disease that affects the nervous system. It is fatal to both animals and humans. Rabies vaccination is mandated by law in most areas.
• Distemper: A highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory problems, and neurological issues.
• Parvovirus: A highly contagious viral disease that causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms in dogs, often leading to dehydration and death.
• Feline Panleukopenia: Often referred to as feline distemper, this viral disease is highly contagious and causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in cats.
• Feline Herpesvirus: A common viral infection in cats that causes upper respiratory tract infections. While not always fatal, it can lead to secondary infections.
• Feline Calicivirus: Another viral infection that causes upper respiratory tract symptoms in cats. It can also lead to oral ulcers and lameness.

Non-Core Vaccinations: Tailoring Protection

While core vaccines are essential, some pets may benefit from additional protection based on their lifestyle, age, or geographical location. These are considered non-core vaccines.

• Bordetella (Kennel Cough): A highly contagious bacterial infection that causes respiratory symptoms in dogs. It's particularly important for dogs attending kennels, boarding facilities, or dog parks.
• Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease transmitted through contact with contaminated urine. It can cause kidney and liver damage. Risk factors include exposure to wildlife or contaminated water.
• Canine Influenza: A viral respiratory disease that causes coughing, sneezing, and fever in dogs. It is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in kennels or shelters.
• Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV): A contagious cancer that affects cats. Indoor cats are generally at lower risk, but outdoor cats and those in multi-cat households should be considered for vaccination.
• Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): A virus that weakens a cat's immune system, making them more susceptible to infections. It is primarily transmitted through bite wounds.

Vaccination Schedule and Booster Shots

The vaccination schedule for puppies and kittens typically involves a series of shots administered at specific intervals. Booster vaccinations are essential to maintain immunity over time.

• Puppy Vaccinations: The initial vaccine series usually begins at around 6-8 weeks of age and continues every 2-4 weeks until the puppy is around 16-18 weeks old. Booster vaccinations are typically given one year later, followed by boosters every 1-3 years, depending on the vaccine.
• Kitten Vaccinations: Similar to puppies, kittens receive their first vaccines around 6-8 weeks of age, with boosters every 2-4 weeks until they are 12-16 weeks old. Booster vaccinations are typically given one year later, followed by boosters every 1-3 years.
• Booster Shots: The frequency of booster vaccinations varies depending on the vaccine and the pet’s lifestyle. Your veterinarian will recommend a vaccination schedule tailored to your pet's individual needs.
• Titer Testing: This involves measuring the level of antibodies in your pet's blood to assess their immunity to a specific disease. It can be used to determine if a booster vaccination is necessary.

Vaccine Side Effects and Safety

While vaccinations are crucial for protecting your pet's health, it's natural to have concerns about potential side effects. Most pets tolerate vaccines well, but mild reactions can occur.

• Common Side Effects: These typically include mild lethargy, decreased appetite, or soreness at the injection site. These symptoms usually resolve within a day or two.
• Serious Side Effects: Severe allergic reactions are rare but possible. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling of the face. If you observe any severe reactions, seek immediate veterinary care.
• Vaccine Safety: Vaccines undergo rigorous testing to ensure their safety and efficacy. However, like any medical procedure, there's a small risk of adverse events. The benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks for most pets.

Protecting Your Pet's Health

Vaccinations are a crucial component of your pet's overall well-being. By protecting your furry friend from preventable diseases, you’re ensuring a longer, happier life together. Remember, vaccination schedules can vary depending on your pet's lifestyle, age, and overall health.

At Reata Veterinary Hospital in Tucson, Arizona, we are committed to providing comprehensive veterinary care, including vaccinations. Our experienced veterinarians will work with you to create a personalized vaccination plan tailored to your pet's specific needs. Schedule an appointment today to ensure your pet is protected against common diseases.

Reata Veterinary Hospital